{"id":6412,"date":"2021-10-27T13:19:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T09:49:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/?p=6412"},"modified":"2023-04-13T13:41:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T09:11:07","slug":"byzantine-fault-tolerance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/byzantine-fault-tolerance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 BFT\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0634 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/coins\/btc\/\">\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2008 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 BFT\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc (\u06af\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc &#8211; Nodes) \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u00ab\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u00bb \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/node\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0646\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0647\u200c<\/a>\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u061f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc (Byzantine Generals) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 (Two General Problem) \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1975 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1978 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 1 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 2 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 1 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 2 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 2 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 1 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 2 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 2 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 1 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 ACK \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc 3 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 TCP)\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647 ACK\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 &gt; 0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 100% \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6414\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23093751\/Two-Generals-Problem.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\" width=\"598\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23093751\/Two-Generals-Problem.jpg 598w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23093751\/Two-Generals-Problem-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23093751\/Two-Generals-Problem-216x101.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/\">\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1982 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u067e\u0631\u062a (Lamport)\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06a9 (Shostak) \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0632 (Pease) \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631-\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647-\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634 (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u200c\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u200c\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u200c\u0646\u0634\u0646\u06cc (\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631) \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6415 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\" width=\"1265\" height=\"237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements.png 1265w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements-1024x192.png 1024w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements-768x144.png 768w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23094954\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-requirements-216x40.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1265px) 100vw, 1265px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 (\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc) \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0631\u06af\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IC1: \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>IC2: \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 IC2 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 m\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 3m \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 m \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 OM(m) \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6416\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6416\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-6416 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23100623\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-Theorem.png\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\" width=\"700\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23100623\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-Theorem.png 700w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23100623\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-Theorem-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23100623\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-Theorem-216x80.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6416\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">m=0 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 m&gt;0 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 2 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. C \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 L{i} \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 i\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6417\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6417\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6417\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23101028\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-OM1.png\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\" width=\"700\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23101028\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-OM1.png 700w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23101028\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-OM1-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23101028\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-OM1-216x87.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-6417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 OM(1): \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 2\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 3 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 v (\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06461 v \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06462 | \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06463 x \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06462 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06462 \u2192\u00a0\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (v,v,x) == v<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc L2 ,L1 \u0648 L3 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 <strong>\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6418 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23102920\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-commander-traitor.png\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\" width=\"700\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23102920\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-commander-traitor.png 700w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23102920\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-commander-traitor-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/storage.bit24.cash\/blog\/uploads\/2021\/10\/23102920\/Byzantine-Generals-Problem-commander-traitor-216x114.png 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 OM(1): \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 y ,x \u0648 z \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 1\u060c 2 \u0648 3 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06461 x \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 2 \u0648 3 | \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06462 y \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 1 \u0648 3 | \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06463 z \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 1 \u0648 2 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>L1 \u2192 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (x,y,x) | L2 \u2192 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (x,y,z) | L3 \u2192 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (x,y,z)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 x, y, z \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a (x, y, z) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 x, y, z \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0639\u0642\u0628\u200c\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc<\/strong> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/blockchain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 51 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 (BFT) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647\u00a0\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 BFT \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 BFT \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 BFT \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 (SpaceX) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u06a9\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 BFT \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 (Consensus Algorithm) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f. \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 (Proof of Work) \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/pos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/a> (Proof of Stake) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 PoW \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0637\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 BFT \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 PoW \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/bit24.cash\/blog\/pow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc BFT \u0634\u062f. \u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc BFT \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 PoW \u0648 PoS \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u062a 24<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 BFT\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":43172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633 (Byzantine Fault Tolerance) \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 BFT\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc 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